Las influencias interpersonales en mujeres con incontinencia urinaria / The interpersonal influences in women with urinary incontinence

OBJETIVO: Describir las influencias interpersonales que presentan las mujeres con incontinencia urinaria (IU). METODOLOGÍA: La perspectiva teórico-metodológica utilizada ha sido la cualitativa fenomenológica, con la participación de 34 mujeres de la provincia de Barcelona. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas en profundidad y la técnica del grupo focal. La selección de la muestra fue intencional o de conveniencia, y el análisis categorial temático se realizó a partir de las transcripciones de los discursos de las participantes. RESULTADOS: Las influencias interpersonales más significativas para las participantes fueron las mujeres de su familia, las amigas y los profesionales de la salud. Dicha influencia ha sido mayoritariamente negativa y las involucró poco o nada en conductas promotoras de la salud en la resolución de su IU. CONCLUSIONES: La mayoría de las influencias interpersonales descritas en el estudio son fruto de las creencias derivadas de los estereotipos de género, que se transmiten en el proceso de socialización y que condicionan la percepción de la IU como una enfermedad tratable

OBJECTIVE: Describe the interpersonal influences that present women with urinary incontinence (UI). METHODS: The theoretical-methodological approach used was qualitative phenomenological, involving 34 women in the province of Barcelona (Spain). Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group technique. The sample selection was intentional or convenience categorical, and thematic analysis was conducted from the transcripts of the speeches of the participants. RESULTS: The most significant interpersonal influences for participants are the women of his family, friends and health professionals. This influence is mostly negative and involves little or no health-promoting behaviors was solving its UI. CONCLUSIONS: Most of interpersonal influences described are the result of beliefs derived from gender stereotypes that are transmitted in the socialization process and shape perceptions of the UI as a treatable disease

Mujer y jubilación: conocimientos sobre la transición de la jubilación / Women and retirement: knowledge of the transition of retirement of women

Objetivo. Describir la transición de la jubilación de mujeres que desarrollaron su vida laboral en la ciudad de Barcelona. Diseño. Metodología cualitativa, estudio exploratorio. Emplazamiento. Ciudad de Barcelona, entre los años 2008- 2011. Participantes. Usuarias de Centros de Salud que responden a dos perfiles según el tipo de actividad laboral desarrollada: como directivas y técnicas, o con actividad profesional con escasa o nula autonomía. Intervenciones principales. Técnica de grupos focales hasta que los discursos narrativos no agregaron más información significativa a la disponible. Análisis con transcripción literal de los discursos, codificación, categorización, análisis de contenido y obtención de resultados. Resultados. Los resultados mostraron diferencias entre los perfiles de mujeres en relación con la significación de su vida laboral, las expectativas sobre la jubilación, los motivos que la determinaron, su salud al inicio de la misma y la adaptación a esta etapa. Hubo muchas similitudes y escasas diferencias cuando se analizaron las cargas familiares sostenidas antes y después de la jubilación. Conclusiones. A partir de los resultados se describen dos tipologías distintas de transición de la jubilación entre las mujeres del estudio en función del perfil de actividad laboral desarrollada (la descripción se realizó según la Teoría de las Transiciones de Meleis). Se destacan aspectos de sus experiencias y necesidades que, desde la perspectiva enfermera, identifican ámbitos y formas de intervención que permitan preparar y afrontar esta transición saludablemente (AU)

Objective. To describe the transition involved in the retirement process for women who have worked in the Barcelona work context. Design. Methodology qualitative, exploratory study. Location. The study was carried out in Barcelona, between the years 2008-2011. Participants. Users of health centers that serve two profiles by type of work activity developed as managers and technical, or professional activity with little or no autonomy. Main intervention. A technique discussion group was used until narratives did not add significantly to the information available. Transcription, analysis, coding, categorization, and content analysis to obtain the results. Results. The results reflected differences between these profiles involved in the sample when analyzing data related to the meaning of their working lives, expectations of retirement, the motives which determine it, their health during the initial period and their adaptation to retirement. There were many similarities and few differences when analyzing family responsibilities / workloads before and after retirement. Conclusions. These were based on the results described of the two distinct typologies of transition to retirement among women involved in the study in accordance with their profile of working life (the description used concepts and elements which model the Meleis Transition Theories as its basis). Some aspects of their experiences and needs are also stressed which, from a nursing perspective, lead to the identification of ambits, means of intervention which enable them to prepare and address this transition in a healthy way (AU)

[WOMEN AND RETIREMENT: KNOWLEDGE OF THE TRANSITION OF RETIREMENT OF WOMEN]. / Mujer y jublación conocimientos sobre a transción de la jubilación.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the transition involved in the retirement process for women who have worked in the Barcelona work context. DESIGN: Methodology qualitative, exploratory study. LOCATION: The study was carried out in Barcelona, between the years 2008-2011. PARTICIPANTS: Users of health centers that serve two profiles by type of work activity developed as managers and technical, or professional activity with little or no autonomy. MAIN INTERVENTTON: A technique discussion group was used until narratives did not add significantly to the information available. Transcription, analysis, coding, categorization, and content analysis to obtain the results. RESULTS: The results reflected differences between these profiles involved in the sample when analyzing data related to the meaning of their working lives, expectations of retirement, the motives which determine it, their health during the initial period and their adaptation to retirement. There were many similarities and few differences when analyzing family responsibilities/ workloads before and after retirement. CONCLUSIONS: These were based on the results described of the two distinct typologies of transition to retirement among women involved in the study in accordance with their profile of working life (the description used concepts and elements which model the Meleis Transition Theories as its basis). Some aspects of their experiences and needs are also stressed which, from a nursing perspective, lead to the identification of ambits, means of intervention which enable them to prepare and address this transition in a healthy way.